Offsets in the EPN station position time series resulting from antenna/radome changes: PCC type-dependent model analyses

Abstract The EUREF Permanent Network (EPN) currently consists of more than 300 evenly distributed continuously operating Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) reference stations. As a result the continuous modernization GNSS systems, equipment stations is subject to changes and upgrades. Changes relating receiver antenna replacement are considered main reason for discontinuities noticed in station position time series. It assumed that resulting offsets primarily caused by carrier phase multipath effects after replacement. However, observed shifts may also indicate deficiency center corrections (PCC) models. In this paper, we identified interpreted coordinate antenna/radome at selected EPN objective was investigate correlation between offset occurrence PCC model type (type mean, individual robot-derived, chamber-derived) as well For study, data from 12 covering years 2017–2019 were analyzed. results proved critical context coordinates stability and, most cases, visible component GPS-only solutions, stable achieved using robot-derived On other hand, case GPS + Galileo processing, obtained chamber-derived Furthermore, due change series 75% solutions. arising responsible, depending on solution type, 21–42% variations coordinates.